What is the inoculation effect in persuasion?
What is the inoculation effect in persuasion?
The inoculation theory was proposed by McGuire in response to a situation where the goal is to persuade someone not to be persuaded by another. The theory is a model for building resistance to persuasion attempts by exposing people to arguments against their beliefs and giving them counter arguments to refute attacks.
What is attitude inoculation in psychology?
Attitude inoculation is a technique used to make people immune to attempts to change their attitude by first exposing them to small arguments against their position. It is so named because it works just like medical inoculation, which exposes a person’s body to a weak version of a virus.
What is the effect of fear arousing communications?
When exposed to an anxiety-arousing communication, communicatees will occa- sionally react to the unpleasant (“punishing”) experience by becoming aggressive toward the communicator.
What’s the difference between vaccination and inoculation?
Vaccination: The act of introducing a vaccine into the body to produce immunity to a specific disease. Immunization: A process by which a person becomes protected against a disease through vaccination. This term is often used interchangeably with vaccination or inoculation.
What is the purpose of inoculation?
Inoculation may be defined as the process of adding effective bacteria to the host plant seed before planting. The purpose of inoculation is to make sure that there is enough of the correct type of bacteria present in the soil so that a successful legume-bacterial symbiosis is established.
What was the first vaccine?
The smallpox vaccine was the first vaccine to be developed against a contagious disease. In 1796, the British doctor Edward Jenner demonstrated that an infection with the relatively mild cowpox virus conferred immunity against the deadly smallpox virus.
When was inoculation first used?
Inoculation originated in India or China some time before 200 BC. The concept of immunization, or how to artificially induce the body to resist infection, received a big boost in 1796, when physician Edward Jenner inoculated a young boy in England and successfully prevented him from getting smallpox.
Is inoculation still used today?
In nontechnical usage inoculation is now more or less synonymous with protective injections and other methods of immunization. Inoculation also has a specific meaning for procedures done in vitro (in glass, i.e. not in a living body).
When did they stop giving polio vaccinations?
OPV was recommended for use in the United States for almost 40 years, from 1963 until 2000. The results have been miraculous: Polio was eliminated from the United States in 1979 and from the Western Hemisphere in 1991. Since 2000, only IPV is recommended to prevent polio in the United States.
When did China invent smallpox?
The ancient Chinese used a method called variolation to immunise against smallpox. According to legend, a physician on Mount Emei, in Sichuan, originated the method around the 11th century and was invited to the capital, where he successfully immunised the son of the Grand Councillor.
Who brought smallpox to America?
They had never experienced smallpox, measles or flu before, and the viruses tore through the continent, killing an estimated 90% of Native Americans. Smallpox is believed to have arrived in the Americas in 1520 on a Spanish ship sailing from Cuba, carried by an infected African slave.
What animal causes smallpox?
Smallpox is an acute, contagious disease caused by the variola virus, a member of the genus Orthopoxvirus, in the Poxviridae family (see the image below). Virologists have speculated that it evolved from an African rodent poxvirus 10 millennia ago.
How many people did smallpox kill?
One of history’s deadliest diseases, smallpox is estimated to have killed more than 300 million people since 1900 alone.
How did they treat Spanish flu?
At the time, there were no effective drugs or vaccines to treat this killer flu strain. Citizens were ordered to wear masks, schools, theaters and businesses were shuttered and bodies piled up in makeshift morgues before the virus ended its deadly global march.
Where did the 1918 Spanish flu start?
Some medical historians and epidemiologists have theorized that the 1918 pandemic began in Asia, citing a lethal outbreak of pulmonary disease in China as the forerunner of the pandemic. Others have speculated the virus was spread by Chinese or Vietnamese laborers either crossing the United States or working in France.