What is the main purpose of the electron transport chain?
What is the main purpose of the electron transport chain?
Explanation: The electron transport chain is used to pump protons into the intermembrane space. This establishes a proton gradient, allowing protons to be pumped through ATP synthase in order to create ATP. This method of ATP production is called oxidative phosphorylation.
Why is the electron transport chain important?
The ETC is the most important stage of cellular respiration from an energy point of view because it produces the most ATP. When a cell needs energy, it breaks the third phosphate group bond and uses the resulting energy.
Which reactant is used in the electron transport chain?
The main biochemical reactants of the ETC are the electron donors succinate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrate (NADH). These are generated by a process called the citric acid cycle (CAC). Fats and sugars are broken down into simpler molecules such as pyruvate, which then feed into the CAC.
Does the electron transport chain produce co2?
Pyruvate travels into the mitochondrial matrix and is converted to a two-carbon molecule bound to coenzyme A, called acetyl CoA. Carbon dioxide is released and NADH is made. The NADH and FADH_2 produced in other steps deposit their electrons in the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
How many water molecules are produced in the electron transport chain?
two water molecules
What two molecules carry high energy electrons to the electron transport chain?
For aerobic respiration, the electron transport chain or “respiratory chain” is embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondria (see figure below). The FADH2 and NADH molecules produced in glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle, donate high-energy electrons to energy carrier molecules within the membrane.
How many ATP are made from each FADH2 that transfers electrons to the electron transport chain?
1.5 ATP
What are the four complexes of the electron transport chain?
The ETC proteins in a general order are complex I, complex II, coenzyme Q, complex III, cytochrome C, and complex IV. Coenzyme Q, also known as ubiquinone (CoQ), is made up of quinone and a hydrophobic tail. Its purpose is to function as an electron carrier and transfer electrons to complex III.
How do electrons enter the electron transport chain quizlet?
All of the electrons that enter the transport chain come from NADH and FADH2 molecules produced during earlier stages of cellular respiration: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle. NADH and FADH2 pass their electrons to the electron transport chain, turning back into NAD+ and FAD.
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain of the light Dependant reaction?
The final electron acceptor is NADP. In oxygenic photosynthesis, the first electron donor is water, creating oxygen as a waste product. Cyclic phosphorylation is important to create ATP and maintain NADPH in the right proportion for the light-independent reactions.
What is the relationship between the ETC and oxygen?
What is the relationship between the ETC and oxygen? The relationship between the two is that ETC allows cytochrome to pass into it’s final acceptor oxygen.
What happens when the electron transport chain is inhibited?
Respiration can still occur depending on choice of substrate. An inhibitor may competely block electron transport by irreversibly binding to a binding site. For example, cyanide binds cytochrome oxidase so as to prevent the binding of oxygen. Electron transport is reduced to zero.
Is ATP synthase part of the electron transport chain?
ATP synthase is considered a part of the electron transport chain, but it is not involved in the transport of electrons. ATP synthase uses the proton gradient created by the ETC to synthesize ATP.
What is the path of electrons from NADH through the electron transport chain?
The path of electron flow is NADH → NADH dehydrogenase complex → ubiquinone → cytochrome b-c1 complex → cytochrome c → cytochrome oxidase complex → molecular oxygen (O2). The respiratory enzyme complexes couple the energetically favorable transport of electrons to the pumping of H+ out of the matrix.
What occurs as electrons pass through the multiple carrier molecules of the electron transport chain?
What occurs as electrons pass through the multiple carrier molecules of the electron transport chain? NADH and FADH2 deliver electrons to the electron transport chain during oxidative phosphorylation. Without oxygen, oxidative phosphorylation would not occur. Chemiosmosis is the final step in oxidative phosphorylation.
Where in the mitochondria does the electron transport chain occur?
The electron transport chain occurs across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Its main function is to build an electrochemical gradient across the inner membrane using protons. The ETC pumps hydrogen ions out of the matrix of the mitochondria and into the intermembrane space.
What is the input and output of electron transport chain?
A good estimate is about 2-3 ATP per NADH and 1.5 ATP per FADH2….The Electron Transport Chain: Mass-Producing ATP.
| Process | Electron Transport Chain (ETC) |
|---|---|
| Location | Mitochondria (Inner Membrane) |
| Input | 6 NADH 2 FADH2 |
| Output | 6H2O 34(ish) ATP |
Where are enzymes for electron transport located in bacteria?
All enzymes required for the electron transport chain of bacteria are membrane bound as in eukaryotic cells, but in bacteria these molecules are present in the plasma membrane because bacteria have no mitochondria.