What is the function of the centromere quizlet?
What is the function of the centromere quizlet?
The centromere is the part of a chromosome that links sister chromatids. During mitosis, spindle fibers attach to the centromere via the kinetochore.
What are two important functions of centromeres?
Centromeres play essential roles in equal chromosome segregation by directing the assembly of the microtubule binding kinetochore and serving as the cohesion site between sister chromatids.
What is a centromere in biology?
The centromere is the chromosome region that attaches to a spindle fibre at metaphase of mitosis or meiosis and moves to the spindle pole at anaphase, pulling the rest of the chromosome behind it.
What happens to centromeres in mitosis?
The centromere is the point on a chromosome where mitotic spindle fibers attach to pull sister chromatids apart during cell division. First, a complex of proteins called the kinetochore assembles around the centromere region of DNA; then, mitotic spindle fibers attach to the kinetochore.
Do centromeres divide in mitosis or meiosis?
Comparison chart
| Meiosis | Mitosis | |
|---|---|---|
| Centromeres Split | The centromeres do not separate during anaphase I, but during anaphase II. | The centromeres split during anaphase. |
| Creates | Sex cells only: female egg cells or male sperm cells. | Makes everything other than sex cells. |
| Discovered by | Oscar Hertwig | Walther Flemming |
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis cell division?
Cells divide and reproduce in two ways, mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, whereas meiosis results in four sex cells. Below we highlight the keys differences and similarities between the two types of cell division.
Which is the longest phase in meiosis?
Prophase I is the longest and arguably most important segment of meiosis, because recombination occurs during this interval. For many years, cytologists have divided prophase I into multiple segments, based upon the appearance of the meiotic chromosomes.
What process affects ploidy?
Meiosis produces 4 haploid cells. Mitosis produces 2 diploid cells. The old name for meiosis was reduction/ division. Meiosis I reduces the ploidy level from 2n to n (reduction) while Meiosis II divides the remaining set of chromosomes in a mitosis-like process (division).
What factors contribute to genetic diversity?
Genetic variation can be caused by mutation (which can create entirely new alleles in a population), random mating, random fertilization, and recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis (which reshuffles alleles within an organism’s offspring).