What a chromosome is and why it is important?
What a chromosome is and why it is important?
Chromosomes are thread-like structures in which DNA is tightly packaged within the nucleus. DNA is coiled around proteins called histones, which provide the structural support. Chromosomes help ensure that DNA is replicated and distributed appropriately during cell division.
Which organism has the largest number of chromosomes?
adder’s tongue fern Ophioglossum reticulatum
What is an acrocentric chromosome?
Acrocentric chromosome. A chromosome in which the centromere is very close to one end. For example, the centromere of chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21, and 22 is very close to the p telomere, making the p arm very short.
What does Acrocentric mean?
: having the centromere situated so that one chromosomal arm is much shorter than the other.
What causes Dicentric chromosomes?
Dicentric chromosomes are formed by the fusion of two chromosome ends, which then initiates an ongoing chromosomal instability via breakage-fusion-bridge cycles (BFB).
What are the parts of chromosome?
It turns out that chromosome can be divided into three different parts: the centromere, the arm and the telomere. Notice that the chromosome is often depicted as an X-shaped structure with a constriction in the middle.
What is the difference between chromatin Fibre and chromosomes?
The main difference between chromatin and chromosome is that chromatin consists of the unravelled condensed structure of DNA for the purpose of packaging into the nucleus whereas chromosome consists of the highest condensed structure of the DNA doublehelix for the proper separation of the genetic material between …
What is chromatin made of?
Chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Nuclear DNA does not appear in free linear strands; it is highly condensed and wrapped around nuclear proteins in order to fit inside the nucleus.
What is the importance of euchromatin of chromosome?
Function. Euchromatin participates in the active transcription of DNA to mRNA products. The unfolded structure allows gene regulatory proteins and RNA polymerase complexes to bind to the DNA sequence, which can then initiate the transcription process.
What are the lysosomes?
A lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes. They break down excess or worn-out cell parts. They may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria.