What is a switchyard?
What is a switchyard?
A switching substation, or switchyard, is a substation without transformers that operates only at a single voltage level. Switchyards, used mainly for connections and interconnections, are essential for transmission, distribution, collection, and controlling the flow of electricity.
What is the difference between switchgear and switchyard?
Switchgear refers to breaker and disconnect panels within the confines of the plant. A switch yard is generally a fenced off area with high voltage transformers and gas operated high voltage breakers which is used to distribute power from a power plant to the grid or from the grid to back-end power into the plant.
Why are stones laid in switchyard?
Using stones in the switchyard provides protection against the entry of wildlife animals and snakes, lizards, rats etc in the substation area. Gravel yard prevents the formation of puddles and accumulation of water in the switchyard which is not a good sign in case of high voltage equipment.
What does substation mean?
: a subordinate or subsidiary station: such as. a : a branch post office. b : a subsidiary station in which electric current is transformed. c : a police station serving a particular area.
What is meant by busbar?
In electric power distribution, a busbar (also bus bar) is a metallic strip or bar, typically housed inside switchgear, panel boards, and busway enclosures for local high current power distribution.
What are the three main parts of a substation?
Elements of a substation
- Primary power lines.
- Ground wire.
- Overhead lines.
- Transformer for measurement of electric voltage.
- Disconnect switch.
- Circuit breaker.
- Current transformer.
- Lightning arrester.
What is the difference between feeder and busbar?
feeder means power transmission at one point to another point. Busbar is like a node where different power system elements are connected like Alternators, Power Transformers etc.. while Feeder is used to feed electrical power from Busbar to distributors… we can connect more than one feeder to a Busbar.
What is use of CT and PT?
The current transformer is mainly used for measuring such magnitude of current that the meter or instrument cannot conveniently be measured whereas the potential transformer is used for measuring the high voltage of the current.
What is the difference between transmission and distribution?
Transmission lines are a high voltage line that carries electricity from power plant to the substation from it is further distributed to various areas for different purposes. Distribution lines are low voltage lines that carry electricity from the substations to the end users for residential and commercial use.
Why transmission is done at High Voltage?
The primary reason that power is transmitted at high voltages is to increase efficiency. As electricity is transmitted over long distances, there are inherent energy losses along the way. The higher the voltage, the lower the current. The lower the current, the lower the resistance losses in the conductors.
How many volts are in a distribution line?
The voltage of distribution lines – the lines many people see in their neighborhoods – is approximately 13 kV (13,000 volts); a typical household runs on 110 volts.
What are the types of transmission lines?
Types of transmission line include parallel line (ladder line, twisted pair), coaxial cable, and planar transmission lines such as stripline and microstrip.
What is G in transmission line?
The parameter G’ represents the isolation between the two conductors of the transmission line. C’ represents the capacitance between the two conductors that make up the tx line; L’ represents the inductance for one meter of the tx line.
What are the applications of transmission lines?
Transmission lines are used for varied applications, including:
- Power transmission line.
- Telephone lines.
- Traces on Printed Circuit Boards.
- Traces on Multi-Chip Modules.
- Traces on Integrated Circuit Packages.
What material is used in transmission lines?
aluminum conductor steel
Are transmission lines AC or DC?
Most transmission lines are high-voltage three-phase alternating current (AC), although single phase AC is sometimes used in railway electrification systems. High-voltage direct-current (HVDC) technology is used for greater efficiency over very long distances (typically hundreds of miles).
Why is Aluminium used in transmission lines?
Aluminum provides a better conductivity to weight ratio than copper, and therefore is also used for wiring power grids, including overhead power transmission lines and local power distribution lines, as well as for power wiring of some airplanes. It has cost and weight advantages over copper wires.
Is Aluminium a conductor?
Conductors consist of materials that conduct electric current, or the flow of electrons. Nonmagnetic metals are typically considered to be ideal conductors of electricity. The wire and cable industry uses a variety of metal conductors, but the two most common are copper and aluminum.
What two metals are commonly used to make cans?
Steel cans are made of tinplate (tin-coated steel) or of tin-free steel. In some dialects, even aluminium cans are called “tin cans”.
Why Aluminium is preferred over copper?
Whilst an aluminium conductor is only about 61% as conductive as the same sized copper conductor it is also three times lighter in weight which makes it much easier to handle. For this reason aluminium finds favour in large size cables and cables for overhead power distribution.
Is Aluminium a better conductor than copper?
Copper has greater conductivity compared to aluminum, which leads to smaller (diameter) conductors being required for use. Due to its high ductile properties, copper can be formed into very fine wire. This adds to the versatility of copper wire. Copper has a high tensile strength.
Which is stronger aluminum or copper?
The tensile strength of copper is roughly 40% higher than that of aluminum. With a higher tensile strength, copper wiring is less likely to break than aluminum wiring. Copper wiring also has a lower thermal expansion coefficient than its aluminum counterpart.
Is aluminum a better conductor than steel?
As you can see, out of the more common metals, copper and aluminum have the highest thermal conductivity while steel and bronze have the lowest. Because steel is a poor conductor of heat, it’s good for high-temperature environments like airplane engines.
How much more expensive is aluminum than steel?
In raw materials costs, aluminium is about three times more expensive than steel, while in terms of conversion costs it is about twice as expensive, MIT said. And in assembly costs, aluminium was 20-30% more expensive than steel.
What is the cheapest metal in the world?
Iron and steel are the least expensive metals on Earth and make up 95 percent of the tonnage of all metals produced globally—that’s more than 1.3 billion tons per year! Iron does not occur on Earth’s surface as a metal; it must be extracted from iron ores like hematite and magnetite.