What is the name of C2H6O2?

What is the name of C2H6O2?

Ethane-1,2-diol

Is C2H6O2 an acid?

Acetic acid;molecular hydrogen | C2H6O2 – PubChem.

What is ethylene glycol used for?

DESCRIPTION: Ethylene glycol is a useful industrial compound found in many consumer products, including automotive antifreeze, hydraulic brake fluids, some stamp pad inks, ballpoint pens, solvents, paints, plastics, films, and cosmetics; it also is used as a pharmaceutical vehicle.

Is Ethanediol the same as ethylene glycol?

Ethylene glycol (also called 1,2-ethanediol, molecular formula HOCH2CH2OH) is a colourless, oily liquid possessing a sweet taste and mild odour. Ethylene glycol is widely used as antifreeze in automobile cooling systems and in the manufacture of human-made fibres, low-freezing explosives, and brake fluid.

Is diethylene glycol toxic?

Diethylene glycol (DEG) is an organic compound with the formula (HOCH2CH2)2O. It is a colorless, practically odorless, poisonous, and hygroscopic liquid with a sweetish taste. It can be a contaminant in consumer products; this has resulted in numerous epidemics of poisoning since the early 20th century.

How can the ADH inhibitor Fomepizole be used to treat someone who has ingested ethylene glycol?

Fomepizole (4-methylpyrazole) is a competitive ADH inhibitor. It is used to block metabolism of ethylene glycol and methanol to their toxic metabolites. It should be given when a known or suspected toxic ethylene glycol or methanol ingestion has occurred and the patient has metabolic acidosis and elevated osmolar gap.

Can you freeze glycol?

Pure water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius (32 F) and pure ethylene glycol freezes at -12.9 C (8.9 F). In between, freezing points are non-linear. For instance, a solution of 10% ethylene glycol freezes at -3.4 C (25.9 F), 30% ethylene glycol freezes at -13.7 C (7.3 F) and 60% ethylene glycol freezes at -52.8 C (-63 F).

How did the tragedy of elixir sulfanilamide change drug safety laws?

As it turned out, the Elixir experience did more than hasten enactment of the 1938 Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The New Drug section, added to prevent such tragedies, gave the United States a new system of drug control which provided superior protection while stimulating medical research and progress.

What was elixir sulfanilamide used for?

In 1937, a pharmaceutical business called S. E. Massengill Company marketed an antibiotic liquid preparation under the name “Elixir Sulfanilamide”. Sulfanilamide is a drug used to treat streptococcal infections, and had been used safely in tablet and powder form at the time.

What does sulfanilamide do to bacteria?

Sulfa drugs are bacteriostatic; i.e., they inhibit the growth and multiplication of bacteria but do not kill them. They act by interfering with the synthesis of folic acid (folate), a member of the vitamin B complex present in all living cells.

What bacteria do sulfonamides treat?

Sulfonamides, or “sulfa drugs,” are a group of medicines used to treat bacterial infections. They may be prescribed to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs), bronchitis, eye infections, bacterial meningitis, pneumonia, ear infections, severe burns, traveler’s diarrhea, and other conditions.

What is the difference between PABA and Sulphanilamide?

Sulfanilamide is an organic sulfur compound structurally similar to p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) with antibacterial property. Sulfanilamide competes with PABA for the bacterial enzyme dihydropteroate synthase, thereby preventing the incorporation of PABA into dihydrofolic acid, the immediate precursor of folic acid.

Is sulfanilamide broad or narrow spectrum?

Sulfanilamide was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic, and was used on the battlefields of World War II for treating wound infections.

Are sulfonamides selectively toxic?

INTRODUCTION. Sulfonamides and trimethoprim are antimetabolites selectively toxic to microorganisms because they interfere with folic acid synthesis. Sulfonamides continue to be used selectively as individual antimicrobial agents, although resistance is common.

Is streptomycin broad or narrow spectrum?

Streptomycin is a broad spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic typically used for treatment of active tuberculosis, always in combination with other antituberculosis agents.

Why are narrow spectrum antibiotics preferred?

Advantages. Narrow-spectrum antibiotic allow to kill or inhibit only those bacteria species that are unwanted (i.e. causing disease). As such, it leaves most of the beneficial bacteria unaffected, hence minimizing the collateral damage on the microbiota. Low propensity for bacterial resistance development.

What bacteria does streptomycin kill?

Streptomycin is an antibiotic medication used to treat a number of bacterial infections. This includes tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium complex, endocarditis, brucellosis, Burkholderia infection, plague, tularemia, and rat bite fever.

Why streptomycin is no longer used?

Streptomycin was the first effective antituberculosis drug but is no longer a first-line drug as it has the disadvantage that it is not absorbed from the intestine and must therefore be given by intramuscular injection. This raises the associated danger of transmission of HIV and other viruses by contaminated needles.

Why is streptomycin not given intravenously?

However, the association of intravenous administration, high serum levels of the drug and an increase in side effects led to the decision to recommend intramuscular injection of streptomycin. This belief has remained until now and providers do not recommend intravenous administration of streptomycin.

Why is streptomycin not used?

A history of clinically significant hypersensitivity to streptomycin is a contraindication to its use. Clinically significant hypersensitivity to other aminoglycosides may contraindicate the use of streptomycin because of the known cross-sensitivity of patients to drugs in this class.

Is streptomycin still used today?

Streptomycin was discovered in 1943. It was the first antibiotic discovered that was effective against TB. Today it is widely used as a first line TB medicine in patients that have previously been treated for TB.

Why is streptomycin so effective?

Streptomycin is an effective antibiotic because its structure is similar to that of the anticodons that would usually bind to the ribosome. Streptomycin is significant because it was the first antibiotic that could treat tuberculosis. Over time, bacteria have become resistant to streptomycin.

What is the side effect of streptomycin?

The following reactions are common: vestibular ototoxicity (nausea, vomiting, and vertigo); paresthesia of face; rash; fever; urticaria; angioneurotic edema; and eosinophilia.

What is the most serious toxic effect of streptomycin?

This medicine may cause serious allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, which can be life-threatening and require immediate medical attention.

Why is streptomycin not used orally?

Humans have structurally different ribosomes from bacteria, thereby allowing the selectivity of this antibiotic for bacteria. Streptomycin cannot be given orally, but must be administered by regular intramuscular injection. An adverse effect of this medicine is ototoxicity. It can result in permanent hearing loss.

Can streptomycin cure gonorrhea?

Streptomycin is so ineffective now against gonorrhea that it is no longer acceptable even as a first treatment in patients who are allergic to penicillin. In London, the failure rate with streptomycin is 31.7%. Experts think the rate will jump to 85.8% in the next year.