What replaced Motte and Bailey castles?

What replaced Motte and Bailey castles?

The wooden defences of motte and bailey castles were replaced by walls and towers of stone. Stone castles replaced the motte and bailey castles but the stone castles also changed over time. The rectangular Keep. Shortly after the Normans invaded England, they began building rectangular stone keeps.

How long does it take to build a Motte and Bailey castle?

William and his men were invaders and his army would have had to be on a constant guard especially in the immediate days after Hastings. Research on one of William's motte and bailey castles at Hampstead Marshall shows that the motte contains 22,000 tons of soil. This motte took fifty men eighty days to build.

What was the Bailey used for in a castle?

The yard was surrounded by a wooden fence called a palisade and then a ditch. The bailey was the center of domestic life within the castle and could contain a variety of buildings, including halls, kitchens, stores, stables, a chapel, barracks, and workshops.

What are the key features of a Motte and Bailey castle?

The castle is made up of two parts. The motte is a raised mound or earthwork which would have a stone or wooden keep on top. A keep is a kind fortified tower. The bailey is an enclosed courtyard that was protected by a ditch and a palisade – which is a wall made from wooden stakes.

What was bad about Motte and Bailey castles?

Although the wooden structure was much more vulnerable to damage than a stone structure, a motte and bailey castle could be built quickly until the Normans had the time to build more permanent stone structures. The major weakness of the motte and bailey castle was the likelihood of the keep rotting or burning down.

What is a loophole in a castle?

The Castle Loopholes were narrow vertical windows from which castle defenders launched arrows from a sheltered position. Castle Loopholes are also referred to as loopholes, arrow loops or bow loops. Castle Loopholes were different designs and sizes which accommodated the shape of different weapons.

How would you defend a Motte and Bailey castle?

Wark Castle: What did the Motte and Bailey Look Like? Motte and bailey castles contained a large, circular mound, usually up to 5m high, on which stood a wooden tower or keep. The mound was surrounded by a ditch and there would have been a bailey, or enclosed courtyard, attached.

Why is it called a Motte and Bailey castle?

The first proper castles built in England were the Motte and Bailey castles. The term motte and bailey castle comes from Norman French words for mound and enclosed land. Bailey – enclosure. The Normans from France, introduced the Motte and Bailey castle to England, when they invaded the country in 1066.

How effective was the Motte and Bailey castle?

Building motte and bailey castles were an effective way of securing towns that had submitted to his power. Although the wooden structure was much more vulnerable to damage than a stone structure, a motte and bailey castle could be built quickly until the Normans had the time to build more permanent stone structures.

What is the inner bailey of a castle?

The inner bailey or inner ward of a castle is the strongly fortified enclosure at the heart of a medieval castle. It is protected by the outer ward and, sometimes also a Zwinger, moats, a curtain wall and other outworks. Depending on topography it may also be called an upper bailey or upper ward.

Who built the first Motte and Bailey castle?

The Normans from France, introduced the Motte and Bailey castle to England, when they invaded the country in 1066. It is believed that as many as 1000 Motte and Bailey Castles were built in England by the Normans.

What was life like in a Motte and Bailey castle?

Life in the Norman Motte and Bailey Castles depended on the rank of the people who inhabited the castle. The Lord of the Castle and possibly his family would live in the most protected part of the castle – the Tower or the Keep. Servants would be expected to provide food for the Nobles and soldiers.

What are the 4 different types of castles?

Types of Castles. There were three major types of castle styles used in the Middle Ages: motte-and-bailey, stone keep, and concentric castles. Some of the first styles to become popular throughout Europe were the motte-and-bailey castles, which we'll discuss next.

Where is a Motte and Bailey castle?

Motte-and-bailey castles were adopted in Scotland, Ireland, the Low Countries and Denmark in the 12th and 13th centuries. Windsor Castle, in England, is an example of a motte-and-bailey castle.

What is the walkway on a castle wall called?

A chemin de ronde (French, "round path"' or "patrol path"; French pronunciation: ​[ʃəmɛ̃ də ʁɔ̃d]), also called an allure, alure or, more prosaically, a wall-walk, is a raised protected walkway behind a castle battlement. In early fortifications, high castle walls were difficult to defend from the ground.

How long does it take to build a castle?

Castles generally took two to 10 years to build. To learn and understand medieval castle building techniques, let's look at a modern castle building project.

Why did the Normans build castles?

Norman castles were designed for a different purpose, they were not defensive structures like the burhs , they were designed to intimidate the conquered Anglo-Saxons and remind them of Norman power. Building motte and bailey castles were an effective way of securing towns that had submitted to his power.

What is the keep of a castle?

A keep (from the Middle English kype) is a type of fortified tower built within castles during the Middle Ages by European nobility. In the second half of the 14th century, there was a resurgence in the building of keeps.

What is the outer bailey of a castle?

An outer bailey or outer ward is the defended outer enclosure of a castle. It protects the inner bailey and usually contains those ancillary buildings used for the management of the castle or the supply of its occupants.

What Stone are castles made of?

Generally, they were built of sandstone or limestone, but the whole castle wouldn't have been made of stone – it was expensive and unwieldy. Costs would have been cut by using wooden roofs, partitions, and supports.

What are the slits in castle walls called?

Arrow slits or loop-holes (archeres) An arrowslit is a thin vertical aperture in a fortification through which an archer can launch arrows. It is alternatively referred to as an arrow loop, loop hole, or archere, and sometimes a balistraria.

What is the center of a castle called?

An inner courtyard of a castle, sometimes called a Basilica. Bailey. Fortifications, usually consisting of walls and small towers built in front of a gatehouse to provide additional protection to the gateway. Some barbicans were just towers or walls built at a right angle to the Gatehouse.

What was the first Motte and Bailey castle built?

The first motte-and-bailey castle was built at Vincy, Northern France, in 979. Over the following decades the Dukes of Anjou popularised the design. William the Conqueror (then the Duke of Normandy), observing their success in neighbouring Anjou, began to build them on his Norman lands.

What is a gatehouse in a castle?

The castle gatehouse was one of the most defensive parts of any medieval fortress. It was a strong, fortified building positioned to defend the entrance to a castle. Gatehouses usually contained multiple traps and obstacles to foil any intruder. These traps included vast metal portcullises, and infamous murder holes.