What cell organelle does ALD affect?
What cell organelle does ALD affect?
Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a disease linked to the X chromosome. It is a result of fatty acid buildup caused by a defect in the very long chain of fatty acids transporter in peroxisomes, which then causes damage to the myelin sheath of the nerves, resulting in seizures and hyperactivity.
Who is affected by ALD?
Adrenoleukodystrophy, or ALD, is a deadly genetic disease that affects 1 in 17,000 people. It is an X-linked genetic disease, therefore it mostly affects boys and men. ALD involves multiple organs in the body so it most prominently affects the brain and spinal cord.
How does adrenoleukodystrophy affect peroxisomes?
X-LINKED ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY ALDP belongs to a family of ATP binding transporters and is involved in transporting VLCFA or VLCFA-CoA into peroxisomes for further processing. Without ALDP, VLCFA are not processed in peroxisomes and accumulate in glial cells including oligodendrocytes.
What organelle breaks down fatty acids and toxic cells?
Peroxisomes
What organelle removes toxins?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum(ER)
What is responsible for producing ribosomes?
The nucleus contains the cell ‘s DNA and directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins. Found within the nucleoplasm, the nucleolus is a condensed region of chromatin where ribosome synthesis occurs.
How ribosomes are formed in prokaryotes?
Ribosome biogenesis is the process of making ribosomes. In prokaryotes, this process takes place in the cytoplasm with the transcription of many ribosome gene operons. In eukaryotes, it takes place both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleolus. About 60% of a cell’s energy is spent on ribosome production and maintenance.
Where is RNA found in a prokaryotic cell?
Prokaryotic transcription and translation occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm, and regulation occurs at the transcriptional level. Eukaryotic gene expression is regulated during transcription and RNA processing, which take place in the nucleus, and during protein translation, which takes place in the cytoplasm.
What the ribosomes do?
Ribosomes are the sites in a cell in which protein synthesis takes place. Within the ribosome, the rRNA molecules direct the catalytic steps of protein synthesis — the stitching together of amino acids to make a protein molecule. In fact, rRNA is sometimes called a ribozyme or catalytic RNA to reflect this function.
What do Golgi apparatus do?
The Golgi apparatus transports and modifies proteins in eukaryotic cells. The Golgi apparatus is the central organelle mediating protein and lipid transport within the eukaryotic cell.