Can statistics be misused explain with two examples?
Can statistics be misused explain with two examples?
Answer: Statistics, when used in a misleading fashion, can trick the casual observer into believing something other than what the data shows. The false statistics trap can be quite damaging for the quest for knowledge. For example, in medical science, correcting a falsehood may take decades and cost lives.
How do you test validity and reliability?
Reliability can be estimated by comparing different versions of the same measurement. Validity is harder to assess, but it can be estimated by comparing the results to other relevant data or theory. Methods of estimating reliability and validity are usually split up into different types.
Why do questionnaires lack validity?
Questionnaires are said to often lack validity for a number of reasons. Participants may lie; give answers that are desired and so on. A way of assessing the validity of self-report measures is to compare the results of the self-report with another self-report on the same topic. (This is called concurrent validity).
Are questionnaires reliable and valid?
Reliability refers to the degree to which the results obtained by a measurement and procedure can be replicated. Though reliability importantly contributes to the validity of a questionnaire, it is however not a sufficient condition for the validity of a questionnaire.
What are the disadvantages of questionnaires?
10 Disadvantages of Questionnaires
- Dishonest answers.
- Unanswered questions.
- Differences in understanding and interpretation.
- Hard to convey feelings and emotions.
- Some questions are difficult to analyze.
- Respondents may have a hidden agenda.
- Lack of personalization.
- Unconscientious responses.
What is an example of reliability and validity?
Reliability implies consistency: if you take the ACT five times, you should get roughly the same results every time. A test is valid if it measures what it’s supposed to. Tests that are valid are also reliable. The ACT is valid (and reliable) because it measures what a student learned in high school.
What are the 3 types of reliability?
Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure. Psychologists consider three types of consistency: over time (test-retest reliability), across items (internal consistency), and across different researchers (inter-rater reliability).
What is the difference between reliability and validity?
Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure (whether the results can be reproduced under the same conditions). Validity refers to the accuracy of a measure (whether the results really do represent what they are supposed to measure).
What is validity and reliability in quantitative research?
Validity is defined as the extent to which a concept is accurately measured in a quantitative study. The second measure of quality in a quantitative study is reliability, or the accuracy of an instrument. …
How do you validate findings in quantitative research?
Collingridge outlines a six-step validation method he has successfully used over the years.
- Step 1: Establish Face Validity.
- Step 2: Run a Pilot Test.
- Step 3: Clean Collected Data.
- Step 4: Use Principal Components Analysis (PCA)
- Step 5: Check Internal Consistency.
- Step 6: Revise Your Survey.
How do you know if a study has external validity?
If your research is applicable to other experiments, settings, people, and times, then external validity is high. If the research cannot be replicated in other situations, external validity is low. It’s important to know that your research is effective (internal validity) and that it is effective in other situations.
Why quantitative research is reliable?
Pertinent in later stages of research: Quantitative research is usually recommended in later stages of research because it produces more reliable results. Consistent with data: With quantitative research, you may be getting data that is precise, reliable and consistent, quantitative and numerical.
What are the 4 types of quantitative research?
There are four main types of Quantitative research: Descriptive, Correlational, Causal-Comparative/Quasi-Experimental, and Experimental Research. attempts to establish cause- effect relationships among the variables. These types of design are very similar to true experiments, but with some key differences.
What are the weaknesses of a quantitative research?
Limitations and weakness of quantitative research methods
- Improper representation of the target population.
- Inability to control the environment.
- Limited outcomes in a quantitative research.
- Expensive and time consuming.
- Difficulty in data analysis.
What is quantitative research purpose?
The purpose of quantitative research is to generate knowledge and create understanding about the social world. Using scientific inquiry, quantitative research relies on data that are observed or measured to examine questions about the sample population.
What is quantitative research in your own words?
Quantitative research is the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data. It can be used to find patterns and averages, make predictions, test causal relationships, and generalize results to wider populations.
What are the 7 characteristics of quantitative research?
7 Characteristics of Quantitative Research Methods
- Contain Measurable Variables. Data gathering instruments contain items that solicit measurable characteristics of the population.
- Use Standardized Research Instruments.
- Assumes a Normal Population Distribution.
- Presents Data in Tables, Graphs, or Figures.
- Use Repeatable Method.
- Can Predict Outcomes.
- Use Measuring Devices.
What is the strengths and weaknesses of quantitative research?
Quantitative method
| Strengths | Limitations |
|---|---|
| Relatively easy to analyse | Difficult to understand context of a phenomenon |
| Data can be very consistent, precise and reliable | Data may not be robust enough to explain complex issues |
What is quantitative techniques in statistics?
Definition. Quantitative methods emphasize objective measurements and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis of data collected through polls, questionnaires, and surveys, or by manipulating pre-existing statistical data using computational techniques.
What is an example of quantitative analysis?
Examples of quantitative analysis include a company’s financial data and marketing returns with statistical data on demographics. Working capital ratios are another financial data report business leaders look at because it tells them how healthy the company is and whether it can risk growth by taking on new debt.
What are the role of quantitative techniques?
4.3 Base for scientific analysis Quantitative techniques enforce disciplined thinking about organizational problems . They provide precise description of the cause and effect relationship and risk elimination. Quantitative techniques replace subjective and intuitive approach with analytical and objective approach.
What are the tools of quantitative analysis?
There are many different tools for collecting quantitative and qualitative data. Questionnaires, observations, focus groups, and interviews are among some of the most commonly used techniques.